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# KloudDB

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://klouddb.io/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Posts

- [Blog](https://klouddb.io/blog/)
- [PostgreSQL Tips and Tricks - Part 1](https://klouddb.io/postgresql-tips-and-tricks-part-1/) - We are starting a new blog series from today where we plan to present interesting tips and tricks that can help you in managing postgres servers. We recommend you to go through our PgPool series and RDS series if you have not done that already 1) Synchronous_standby_names and its significance We have seen cases where
- [Cost savings by migrating from MongoDB on Atlas to Self-Managed](https://klouddb.io/case-study-on-running-mongodb-on-atlas-v-s-self-managed/) - Table of Contents In this article, we will delve into an intriguing aspect of identifying the optimal and cost-effective solution for hosting a MongoDB deployment. MongoDB clusters can be set up in a myriad of ways, whether in a self-managed environment—which is a common practice—or through enterprise Database as a Service (DBaaS) offerings like MongoDB
- [Pgfincore and Pg_buffercache to troubleshoot performance issues](https://klouddb.io/postgres-os-cache-monitoring-blog-final/) - Table of Contents What is included in this blog post ? In this blog post we discuss about the importance of pg_buffercache and pgfincore extensions . Postgres uses shared_buffers and OS cache to cache data,indexes,.. (In Aurora it only uses shared_buffers). We discuss the internals of caching and various methods to measure cache usage in
- [Is it possible for a DBA/DBE to earn 1 million USD annual compensation ?](https://klouddb.io/is-it-possible-for-a-dba-dbe-to-earn-1-million-usd-annual-compensation/) - Table of Contents My journey from Traditional RDBMS DBA to Opensource DBE/DBA My journey in the field of database administration (DBA) commenced in 2006 when I took on the role of an IBM DB2 DBA. During the initial years of my career, I predominantly worked with commercial relational database management systems (RDBMS) such as DB2,
- [Postgres INT out of range - What to do ?](https://klouddb.io/postgres-int/) - Table of Contents Introduction - What is covered here ? “ERROR: integer out of range” : This error can cause a lot of trouble in production environments . We are going to cover this scenario in detail here What is the error ? How to react ? What are sequence gaps ? How to reduce
- [HBA Checker - KloudDB Shield 1.4](https://klouddb.io/hba-checker-klouddb-shield-1-4/) - Table of Contents What is klouddb_Shield ? Klouddb_Shield is an open source security tool that checks for CIS compliance . Currently we check for 8 RDS controls , 40 controls(Postgres) , 46 MySQL controls – a total of 94 checks as of today and we plan to add more checks soon Please see previous blog
- [Postgres for Oracle DBAs - Parameter Changes](https://klouddb.io/postgres-for-oracle-dbas-parameter-changes/) - Table of Contents What is included in this blog post ? This is Part 6 of the “Postgres for Oracle DBAs” series where we compare ‘parameter changes’. We covered 1) Default tablespaces 2) Executing sql scripts 3) Shutdown modes 4) Startup modes 5) alert log vs postgres log 6) Pg_dump Vs Datapump backups 7) Pg_restore
- [KloudDB Shield 1.3 - HTML Feature](https://klouddb.io/klouddb-shield-1-3-html-feature/) - Table of Contents What is klouddb_Shield ? Klouddb_Shield is an open source security tool that checks for CIS compliance . Currently we check for 8 RDS controls , 32 controls(Postgres) , 46 MySQL controls – a total of 86 checks as of today and we plan to add more checks soon Please see previous blog
- [Postgres User Poll Results - Part 1](https://klouddb.io/postgres-user-poll-results-part-1/) - Table of Contents What is included in this blog post ? In this blog post we are presenting poll results for several polls published on Linkedin by KloudDB . Poll topics included are 1) Type of replication people are using 2) Backup tool – Pgbackrest Vs WAL-G Vs pgbasebackup Vs BART/Barman/Pgprobackup etc.. 3) Postgres version
- [KloudDB Shield 1.2 - RDS CIS Benchmarks](https://klouddb.io/klouddb-shield-1-2-rds-cis-benchmarks/) - Table of Contents What is klouddb_shield ? Klouddb_Shield is an open source security tool that checks for CIS compliance( https://www.cisecurity.org/cis-benchmarks/) . Currently we check for 8 RDS controls , 32 controls(Postgres) , 46 MySQL controls – a total of 86 checks as of today and we plan to add more checks soon How to run
- [Postgres for Oracle DBAs - impdp Vs Pg_restore](https://klouddb.io/postgres-for-oracle-dbas-impdp-vs-pg_restore/) - Table of Contents What is included in this blog post ? This is Part 5 of the “Postgres for Oracle DBAs” series where we compare logical backup restores – Data pump restore Vs pg_dump restore(pg_restore). In Part 4 we covered backup scenarios – Please read part 4 before reading this blog . We covered 1)
- [CIS Benchmarks for Postgres - KloudDBShield 1.1](https://klouddb.io/cis-benchmarks-for-postgres-klouddbshield-1-1/) - Table of Contents What is klouddb_shield ? Klouddb_Shield is an open source security tool that checks for CIS compliance( https://www.cisecurity.org/cis-benchmarks/) . Currently we check for about 32 controls(Postgres) and we plan to add more checks soon We tested this tool on CentOS and Ubuntu ( PG 14 and PG13), It also includes 46 MySQL controls
- [Postgres for Oracle DBAs - Datapump Vs Pg_dump](https://klouddb.io/oracle-data-pump-vs-pg-dump/) - Table of Contents What is included in this blog post ? This is Part 4 of the “Postgres for Oracle DBAs” series where we compare logical backups – Data pump Vs pg_dump . We covered 1) Default tablespaces 2) Executing sql scripts 3) Shutdown modes 4) Startup modes 5) alert log vs postgres log in
- [Postgres for Oracle DBAs - Alert log vs Postgres log](https://klouddb.io/postgres-for-oracle-dbas-alert-log-vs-postgres-log/) - Table of Contents What is included in this blog post ? This is Part 3 of the “Postgres for Oracle DBAs” series where we compare Postgres log and Oracle alert log. We covered 1) Default tablespaces 2) Executing sql scripts 3) Shutdown modes 4) Startup modes in part 1 and part 2 Oracle Alert log
- [Releasing first version of KloudDB Shield - MySQL CIS benchmarks](https://klouddb.io/releasing-first-version-of-klouddb-shield-mysql-cis-benchmarks/) - Table of Contents What is klouddb_shield ? Klouddb_Shield is an open source security tool that checks for CIS compliance . Currently we check for about 45 controls(MySQL) and we plan to add more checks soon We tested this tool on CentOS and Ubuntu ( MySQL 8) – It will work for both Enterprise and Community versions
- [Postgres for Oracle DBAs - Shutdown and Startup Modes](https://klouddb.io/ora-2-pg-blog-part2-shutdown-startup-modes/) - Table of Contents What is included in this blog post ? In part1 of this series(Postgres for Oracle DBAs) we covered two topics 1) Executing sql scripts 2) Default tablespaces . In this post we are going to compare startup/shutdown modes between Oracle and Postgres Oracle shutdown modes Oracle has different shutdown modes as detailed
- [Postgres for Oracle DBAs - Script execution and default tablespaces](https://klouddb.io/ora2pg-blog-part1-execscripts-n-defaulttable-spaces/) - Table of Contents What is included in this blog post ? We are starting “Postgres for Oracle DBAs” series with this post . In this post we compare two aspects – 1) Executing sql scripts 2) Default tablespaces Multiple script execution methods are compared with Postgres in this blog post . We also discuss about
- [Aurora PostgreSQL Gotchas – Part 2](https://klouddb.io/aurora-postgresql-gotchas-part-2/) - Table of Contents What is included in this blog post ? This is part 2 of the Aurora postgres series . In part 1 https://klouddb.io/aurora-postgresql-gotchas-part-1/ we covered below topics Shared_buffers config is different Pg_hba file cannot be updated in Aurora Max_connection defaults are different in Aurora Pg_stat_statements reset issue In this part we cover 4
- [Dynamodb for DBAs - Calculating RCUs and WCUs](https://klouddb.io/dynamodb-for-dbas-calculating-rcus-and-wcus/) - Table of Contents What is included in this blog post? Dynamodb is a widely used db service and as a cloud DBA/DBE you may need to support Dynamodb tables in addition to RDS , Aurora etc.. We are starting “Dynamodb for DBAs” series with this post. This blog post helps you in calculating RCUs and
- [Understanding How ONLINE DDL (INPLACE) works in MySQL](https://klouddb.io/understanding-how-online-ddl-inplace-works-in-mysql/) - Introduction A database undergoes series of Schema/DDL changes during its tenure. Frequency of these changes might be less compared to normal DML workload but they are crucial and complex part of any DB workload. MySQL provides 3 inherent approaches to achieve this viz. COPY (create shadow table, copy, swap), INPLACE (online DDL that allow parallel
- [Db utility to create 4 sample dbs](https://klouddb.io/db-utility-to-deploy-4-postgres-sample-dbs-pagilapostgres_airdvdrentalpgbench/) - Table of Contents Postgres sample dbs - What is covered here ? We are releasing a free utility to deploy postgres sample database- You can deploy pagila , pgbench, dvdrental and postgres_air databases using this utility https://github.com/klouddb/klouddb_tools/tree/main/postgres_sampledb Prerequisites Make sure you have all the prerequisites addressed . For example psycopg2 and python3 are needed to
- [Lambda tuning for DBAs - 130X improvement](https://klouddb.io/lambda-tuning-for-postgres-dbas/) - Table of Contents Problem description - Initial latency numbers With the advent of cloud, people are using lambda functions to automate repetitive tasks . You can use python , node js etc .. as a programming language for your lambda function . Writing function is one thing but getting it to work optimally can be
- [How TPS increased from 65k to 84k using multiple Pgbouncer instances](https://klouddb.io/pgbouncer-multi-instance/) - Table of Contents What is the multi-instance feature in Pgbouncer ? How is it beneficial ? PgBouncer supports SO_REUSEPORT socket option, which allows running multiple instances of PgBouncer on the same host(using same port).PgBouncer instances on the same host can solve the single-core bottleneck issue and sometimes improve the TPS In this blog we are
- [MySQL Innodb Cluster Operations  - Part1](https://klouddb.io/mysql-innodb-cluster-operations-part1/) - We are starting a new series from today “MySQL Innodb Cluster Operations” . Also check other Innodb cluster articles https://klouddb.io/innodb-cluster-5-7-vs-8-10-things-to-know/ and https://klouddb.io/innodb-cluster-open-book-github-wiki-launched/ 1) SELinux error when you try to add a new member to the group Sometimes when you try to add a new member to the cluster using cluster.addInstance() , you may see below
- [PostgreSQL Tips and Tricks – Part 2](https://klouddb.io/postgresql-tips-and-tricks-part-2/) - This is part 2 of the series . Please read Part1 by clicking this URL https://klouddb.io/postgresql-tips-and-tricks-part-1/ 1. Log rotation Postgres log is automatically rotated depending on config like log_rotation_age, log_rotation_size, etc… What if you want to manually rotate the log ? Lets say you are running a performance test and you want to generate a
- [Pgpool Issues - Part 2](https://klouddb.io/pgpool-issues-part-2/) - Please read Part 1 of this series by clicking here https://klouddb.io/pgpool-issues/ . NOTE : This is Part 2 of the PgPool series Why am I getting bad performance with PgPool? This is one of the common questions people have . Why is my app slower after introducing Pgpool ? Some queries will be slow because
- [Temporary files in PostgreSQL - Steps to identify and fix temp file issues](https://klouddb.io/temporary-files-in-postgresql-steps-to-identify-and-fix-temp-file-issues/) - Work_mem is the memory area used by queries for operations such as JOINS, ORDER BY, DISTINCT etc . Default value is 4 MB which is not sufficient for large sort operations. When work_mem is not sufficient the sort gets spilled to disk and temporary files are created during query execution. These files are automatically removed
- [Aurora PostgreSQL Gotchas - Part 1](https://klouddb.io/aurora-postgresql-gotchas-part-1/) - There are some important gotchas that you have to take into consideration when you manage Aurora PostgreSQL.This is part -1 of the series where we showcase four important differences between standard PostgreSQL and Aurora PostgreSQL 1) Shared_buffers config is different Standard PostgreSQL runs on a file system and depends on the file system cache in
- [Compare Postgres Config Using Simple DB Utility](https://klouddb.io/compare-postgres-config-using-simple-db-utility/) - As a postgres DBA one of the common maintenance tasks is to alter postgres config . Below are some of the scenarios that we would like to bring to your notice : Lets say we have a 3 node streaming replication cluster , we make a quick change on primary node to fix some urgent
- [PgPool Issues - Part 1](https://klouddb.io/pgpool-issues/) - Managing PgPool is not easy and you may see multiple issues during configuration and management of PgPool. This series will address some of the common errors/issues : 1) Different entries in pg_hba entries Lets say you have 3 nodes in your PgPool cluster , you updated pg_hba entry in one of the node but forgot
- [Managing RDS PostgreSQL logs - RDS needs DBA -2](https://klouddb.io/managing-rds-postgresql-logs-rds-needs-dba-2/) - RDS is popularly known as AWS managed service but we would like to call it as CloudDBA managed service . We are starting this series “RDS – Managed by CloudDBA” to focus on the need for DBA in the cloud era . The cloud does not negate the need of DBAs ; They are very
- [Managing RDS MySQL logs - RDS needs DBA -1](https://klouddb.io/managing-rds-mysql-logs-rds-needs-dba-1/) - RDS is popularly known as AWS managed service but we would like to call it as CloudDBA managed service . We are starting this series “RDS – Managed by CloudDBA” to focus on the need for DBA in the cloud era . The cloud does not negate the need of DBAs ; They are very
- [Create your two “free forever” PostgreSQL/MySQL servers today](https://klouddb.io/create-your-two-free-forever-postgresql-mysql-servers-today/) - Oracle cloud gives you two always-free vms which can be used as sandbox servers. So next time when you want to test a new database feature , research on a problem, remember this and use them to save your costs . Unlike AWS,Azure these are free forever (There is no trial period/ free usage limits
- [Innodb Cluster Open Book (Github Wiki) Launched](https://klouddb.io/innodb-cluster-open-book-github-wiki-launched/) - “We just launched Innodb cluster open guide on our github page. Please hit below URL to access it . We will be adding more pages soon . Please send your valuable feedback” Click here to go to our Github Wiki F.A.Q 1. When you invoke shell.connect('clusterusr@node1:3306') it does not ask password from second time .
- [Cut 50% of your backup storage costs using blockchain storage](https://klouddb.io/cut-50-of-your-backup-storage-costs-using-blockchain-storage/) - Table of Contents What is Tardigrade ? It is the world’s first S3-compatible decentralized cloud storage solution (Powered by Storj Labs) . Each file uploaded will be encrypted and split into 80 chunks and distributed across the satellite nodes. It costs very less when compared to AWS and GCP storage – Half of S3 cost.
- [Vitess and Workbench - Compatible pair ?](https://klouddb.io/vitess-and-workbench-compatible-pair/) - Workbench is the most popular mysql client GUI tool . Does it work well with Vitess ? We are using sample cluster given in the docs. Ensure that you have 3 mysql instances, 3 vttablets , vtgate ,etcd and vtctld are running by executing “pgrep -fl vtdata” -bash-4.2$ pgrep -fl vtdata 19684 etcd 19723 vtctld
- [Understanding Innodb History Length - Part 3](https://klouddb.io/understanding-innodb-history-length-part-3/) - NOTE : This is PART 3 of series. Please go to our blog section and read PART 1 and 2 (If you have not done that already) Working Example: Let’s understand this with an example through sysbench. Example below creates single sysbench table and runs updated benchmark on it. sysbench --threads=1 --db-driver=mysql --db-ps-mode=disable --mysql-host=localhost --mysql-port=3306
- [Innodb Cluster 5.7 Vs 8 - 10 Things to know](https://klouddb.io/innodb-cluster-5-7-vs-8-10-things-to-know/) - If you want to read details on below topics click here for detailed article.
- [MySQL 5.7 and Innodb cluster : Must read series – Part 2](https://klouddb.io/mysql-5-7-and-innodb-cluster-must-read-series-part-2/) - You are reading Part 2. Please read Part 1 of this article here 6. Consistency levels Default behaviour is EVENTUAL consistency for innodb cluster. What does this mean ? Eventual Consistency : The transaction does not wait for preceding transactions to be applied before executing, neither does it wait for other members to apply its
- [Understanding Innodb History Length – Part 2](https://klouddb.io/understanding-innodb-history-length-part-2/) - NOTE : Please read Part 1 before proceeding further . Part 1 discusses isolation levels , roll ptr and other basic concepts . This article has advanced content and is hard to understand unless you grasp the concepts from Part 1 Read-view computation CREATE TABLE `t` ( `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `c` char(30) DEFAULT
- [MySQL 5.7 and Innodb cluster : Must read series - Part 1](https://klouddb.io/innodb-cluster-5-7-why-you-should-upgrade-immediately/) - 1. Cluster status - Extended information In version 5.7 cluster.status() does not include replication lag or the recovery status of nodes in a cluster. Lets say you are noticing intermittent lag , you need to use commands like “show slave status for channel ‘group_replication_recovery’\G” to understand how the recovery is progressing In version 8 we
- [Understanding Innodb History Length - Part 1](https://klouddb.io/understanding-innodb-history-length-part-1/) - Introduction: InnoDB has concept of history length that represents number of undo logs (or rollback segments) that has pending purge. It is necessary to understand why this variable should be tracked and what effect it has on overall transaction processing. But just tracking history length is not enough. Once user discovers that is is higher
- [Understanding Database IOPS - Part 1](https://klouddb.io/understanding-database-iops-part-1/) - Introduction: Cloud has greatly simplified the process to deploy and manage databases. With RDS like offering most of the database maintenance activities like upgrades/backups/etc. are automated. That said, cloud introduces another challenge for end-user : How to select cost optimal configuration and still continue to achieve the needed throughput ? Given database is IO intensive
- [Installing Vitess - Manual and Ansible deployments](https://klouddb.io/vitess1-install/) - Installing Vitess on a local machine is not a trivial task . It has several components and all of them have to be installed properly and carefully. In this article we are presenting two approaches : Installing using Ansible Installing without Ansible – Manual method 1. Vitess install using Ansible - Just like magic Installing

## Pages

- [Home](https://klouddb.io/) - Secure and Harden Your PostgreSQL Environment with KloudDB Shield The most comprehensive PostgreSQL hardening solution, offering 15+ security features, including a PII scanner, CIS benchmarks, 90+ security checks, an SSL checker, a configuration generator, and more Github Repo Documentation Received positive feedback from DBA teams at these companies 15 Compelling Reasons to Use KloudDB Shield
- [Kmon](https://klouddb.io/kmon/) - Launching Kmon Nextgen Postgres Monitoring and Security solution Kmon is next-gen Postgres monitoring solution – Find slow queries , Heavily written tables , Sequential scans , Database metrics , Security checks , vacuuming issues , Topology diagrams for your replication clusters and more.. Inviting private beta design partners , Signup now ! Kmon Signup for
- [KloudDB Shield](https://klouddb.io/klouddb-shield/) - 15 Compelling Reasons to Use KloudDB Shield for Securing Your PostgreSQL Environment PII Scanner PII Scanner - Detect PII fields in your PostgreSQL database. Config Generator Generate optimal configurations tailored to your needs. Config Audit Tool Identify issues in your PostgreSQL configuration. SSL Checker Detect and address issues in your SSL configuration. CIS Benchmarks Perform
- [Testimonials](https://klouddb.io/testimonials/) - Feedback KloudDB Shield stands out as an exceptional Postgres security tool. I was particularly impressed by its 10+ unique features, such as the HBA Scanner, 90+ Security checks, CIS checks and password generator, Inactive HBA line scanner, Password attack simulator, RDS/Aurora checks, User checks David Gonzáles Milán PostgreSQL DBA (Percona) After comparing various solutions, we
- [Contact Us](https://klouddb.io/contact-us/) - Contact Us Email Support support@klouddb.io Send us a message Please feel free to send us any questions, feedback or suggestions you might have. Name Company Phone Email Subject Subject Message Send Message
- [Privacy Policy](https://klouddb.io/privacy-policy/) - PRIVACY POLICY Last updated May 18, 2023 This privacy notice for KloudDB Inc ("Company," "we," "us," or "our"), describes how and why we might collect, store, use, and/or share ("process") your information when you use our services ("Services"), such as when you: Visit our website at klouddb.io, or any website of ours that links to
- [Postgresdiagrams](https://klouddb.io/postgresdiagrams/)
- [Oracle DBAs](https://klouddb.io/oracle-dbas/)

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- [DigiMax – Archive Blog](https://klouddb.io/?elementor_library=digimax-archive-blog) - Article & News Template: DigiMax – Archive Blog Cloud Database Cost savings by migrating from MongoDB on Atlas to Self-Managed Table of Contents In this article, we will delve into an intriguing aspect of identifying the optimal and cost-effective solution for hosting a MongoDB deployment. October 4, 2023 No Comments Aurora PostgreSQL Is it possible
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- [testimonial](https://klouddb.io/?elementor_library=testimonial) - Testimonial Client Feedback & Reviews KloudDB Shield stands out as an exceptional Postgres security tool. I was particularly impressed by its 10+ unique features, such as the HBA Scanner, 90+ Security checks, CIS checks and password generator, Inactive HBA line scanner, Password attack simulator, RDS/Aurora checks, User checks David Gonzáles MilánPostgreSQL DBA (Percona) KloudDB has
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## Categories

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